Table of Contents
Compounds of Various Types
Compounds are formed by the interaction of atoms from various elements. Compounds are categorised into four broad types based on the type of attraction that occurs between their atoms:
- To achieve stability, atoms of various elements exchange their electrons in covalent compounds.
- Ionic compounds are made up of atoms of various elements that have their electrons completely transferred between them.
- The connection of various metallic atoms by strong metallic interactions characterises metallic compounds.
- Certain complicated ions are bonded together by covalent and coordinate bonds in coordinate covalent complexes.
Organic molecules make up the majority of living things.
Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are some of the most significant organic substances for us.
Organic chemistry is a 200-year-old branch of science. Chemists all around the globe began to distinguish organic substances derived from plants and animals from inorganic ones derived from mineral resources in the late eighteenth century.
Now let us Distinguish Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds
What’s the Difference between the two?
Organic and inorganic compounds are some of the fundamental building blocks of chemistry. Organic chemistry is the study of organic chemicals, whereas inorganic chemistry is the study of inorganic compounds.
The basic distinction between organic and inorganic compounds is that organic substances always include a carbon atom, whereas most inorganic compounds do not. Carbon-hydrogen or a simple C-H bond may be found in almost all organic molecules.
The most frequent distinction between organic and inorganic molecules is that organic chemicals primarily result from living beings’ activity. On the other hand, inorganic chemicals are derived by natural processes that are unrelated to living forms or the results of human laboratory operations.
The presence or lack of carbon atoms in organic and inorganic molecules is not the only distinction between them. Both sorts of molecules have features that are stated to be distinct.
Organic vs Inorganic Compounds
| Organic Compounds | Inorganic Compounds |
| The presence of carbons distinguishes these compounds.
| There are no carbons in these compounds.
|
| These substances are very flammable and volatile.
| They are both non-volatile and non-flammable. |
| Solids, gases, and liquids are the three states in which they exist.
| They can only be found in solid form.
|
| Organic substances are frequently water-insoluble.
| In a few organic solvents, they are insoluble. They’re also water-soluble.
|
| Carbon to hydrogen connections is the most common type of bond in these molecules.
| The molecules, in this case, lack carbon-hydrogen bonds.
|
| Mostly found in living things. | Non-living items are where you’ll find them the most.
|
| Carbohydrates, lipids, and other similar substances are examples.
| Minerals are a good example.
|
The Presence of a Large Number of Organic Compounds: Reasons
The basic carbon features result in the synthesis of many compounds, as we know that organic molecules are mostly made up of carbon and hydrogen.
- Carbon has an atomic number of six, making it tetravalent. It has four electrons in its valence shell, which indicates it has four electrons. Carbon forms covalent bonds to satisfy its valency.
- Carbon’s Small Size: Carbon’s small size allows its nucleus to be more exposed, allowing it to support four species around it to meet its valency.
- Catenation is the ability of carbon to self-link, allowing it to unite with additional carbon to meet its valency.
The presence of many organic compound on the planet is justified for the three reasons described above.
Organic Compounds: Types
Because most organic compounds are hydrocarbon derivatives, let’s start with hydrocarbon types to learn about organic compounds.
The number of bonds between carbon atoms in these two hydrocarbons is mostly used to classify them.
- Saturated Hydrocarbons: Saturated Hydrocarbons are a kind of hydrocarbon that has reached their saturation point
Alkanes are organic compound with only one carbon atom. They have the most hydrogen atoms linked to carbon atoms out of all the elements.
The typical formula for this family of compounds is CnH2n 1, indicating that consecutive alkane molecules differ in composition by the presence of a -CH2 group.
- Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Unsaturated hydrocarbons are organic molecules with insufficient hydrogen atoms to meet their valency. They form double and triple bonds to satisfy their valency.
The family of hydrocarbons with a double bond has the general formula CnH2n, whereas the family with a triple bond has the formula CnH2n-1. The double bond family is known as Alkene, whereas the triple bond family is known as Alkyne.
Unsaturation causes the carbon molecule to be unstable. This may be eliminated via the hydrogenation procedure, which involves supplying hydrogen molecules to a carbon compound with a double or triple bond in the presence of a catalyst Ni/Pd to remove unsaturation.
Conclusion
The study of organic and inorganic substances is referred to as chemistry. Organic substances are those that include carbon and may be found in a variety of phases. Organic substances make up all of our basic needs and our bodies. On the other hand, inorganic compounds do not include carbon and can only exist in the solid state.
